Espionagem industrial: como as novas tecnologias podem impactar os programas estratégicos de defesa e como mitigá-las

Abstract

This paper addresses the topic of industrial espionage in the context of national defense, investigating how new technologies can impact the security and continuity of high-value strategic programs, as well as proposing measures to mitigate such risks. The research problem starts from the following central question: how can the adoption and integration of emerging technologies achieve the vulnerability of strategic defense projects, including the Submarine Development Program (PROSUB), the KC-390 Millennium freighter and the Guarani armored vehicle, and what mechanisms can be employed to neutralize or reduce these threats? The hypothesis defended is that, although such technologies enhance efficiency and operational capacity, they also increase the attack surface for hostile actors, making it possible to mitigate risks through an integrated approach to counterintelligence, cybersecurity, and risk management in the supply chain. The general objective is to critically analyze the impacts of these technologies on the security of strategic defense programs and to propose guidelines and practices for their protection. The methodology adopted combines bibliographic and documentary research, based on academic literature, technical and normative reports, in addition to the analysis of national and international case studies. The study outlines key threats, identifies critical vulnerabilities, and presents mitigation measures, such as strengthening cybersecurity governance, advanced encryption protocols, continuous monitoring, and specialized training. It is concluded that, despite the growing sophistication of espionage methods, it is possible to substantially reduce risks through integrated security policies, which combine technological innovation, institutional strengthening and organizational culture aimed at the protection of sensitive information, thus ensuring the preservation of sovereignty and the effectiveness of Brazilian strategic programs.