A criação da Guarda Nacional mexicana para atuação no âmbito da segurança pública: ensinamentos para o Brasil

Abstract

This work analyzes the creation of the Mexican National Guard and its lessons for Public Security in Brazil. It begins by exploring the history of drug trafficking in Mexico, from its roots in the 19th century to the formation of criminal organizations known as cartels. The scenario of increasing violence and the role of drug trafficking are contextualized, especially after the militarization of policies initiated by President Felipe Calderón in 2006 and continued by Enrique Peña Nieto until 2018, through the systematic use of the Armed Forces in Public Security. The work investigates how the dependence of these Forces on combating organized crime led to an intensification of security problems, reflected in the increase in homicide rates. Criticism is made regarding the effectiveness of the militarized response, suggesting that, instead of mitigating the problem, this strategy exacerbated the situation, promoting violence, institutional corruption and the degradation of military institutions. Next, the creation of the National Guard and its effectiveness is analyzed, the central point of the study, from which it is hoped to bring lessons to Brazil. The analysis highlights the importance of these issues for National Security and Development, pointing out that urban violence is a significant impediment to socioeconomic progress and social stability.