A Interoperabilidade nas Polícias do Brasil: percepções e perspectivas por GAP Analysis

Abstract

The discussion on the Brazilian police model has led to many legislative proposals, from the expansion or redistribution of powers, division into municipal police forces, unification and even the abolition of the police force to the creation of new organizations. However, the debates did not reach a common denominator, leaving the driving concerns unanswered, thus leaving room for alternatives, such as the improvement of interoperability attributes between police forces, a strategy indicated by the National Policy for Public Security and Social Defense to be developed by public security systems in Brazil. This study used the methods of Gap Analysis (SERVQUAL) with Composition of Probabilistic Preferences (CPP) to analyze to what extent the presence of interoperability attributes between civil and military police forces can influence the performance of states in relation to homicide rates in Brazil. The combination of these methods enables the solution of multicriteria problems in support of the decision-making process, providing quantitative objectivity in the evaluation of qualitative criteria. Data were collected through a questionnaire consisting of a part collecting data on socio-professional aspects, another focusing on perceptions about 11 attributes of Interoperability between police forces, with a Likert scale, and one on the process of responding to homicides by the Police in Brazil. The survey was attended by 907 members of the operational planning sectors of the 54 Brazilian civil and military police forces, organized into four groups for analysis of the responses: general, with all responses; comparison between civil and military police forces; comparison between the regions with the highest and lowest average homicide rates in the period from 2018 to 2022 and states with the highest and lowest average homicide rates in the same period. The results showed that the perceptions among civil and military police forces regarding Interoperability are very similar, showing a high degree of importance in all analysis groups, as well as that the region and groups of states with the lowest average homicide rates in the historical series showed greater development/maturity of these attributes among the police forces. In conclusion, the study points to the need for strategic efforts to overcome the main Interoperability gaps between civil and military police forces in Brazil, as is already the case in some states, with priorities such as data analysis, integration of information systems and investments in integrative strategies between teams, starting with the integration of their final processes.