Meio ambiente e segurança internacional: a inserção de uma agenda ambiental nos mandatos das operações de paz

Abstract

The main purpose of this dissertation is to provide an analysis of how environmental and climate change was incorporated into the mandates of peace operations and special policy missions, determined by the United Nations Security Council in the 21st century. Through the theoretical currents of International Relations regarding constructivism, norms and securitization, it becomes possible to understand regarding the transition from the environmental and climate theme as a matter of low politics in the 1970s to high high politics in the 2000s. The hypothesis defended indicates that five factors are fundamental to understanding the establishment of programs related to the environment and climate in peace mandates: development of international norms; emergency movement of multidimensional peace missions in the 1990s; high pressure on the consumption and exploitation of natural resources (ecological footprint) of missions; high degree of vulnerability in the host states of peace operations; host countries with a low degree of aptitude and readiness to manage environmental crises. The conclusion suggests that the planning and operational efforts of the United Nations departments and programs in response to ecological transformations have gradually increased, however, it is necessary for these actions to be more systematic when exploring opportunities for new approaches, encompassing the use of instruments that consider the link between environment and conflict dynamics.