A Geopolítica chinesa para África: impactos para a projeção brasileira na costa ocidental da África Austral

Abstract

China has been projected in Southern Africa in search of markets that ensure its energy and food security and political support in multilateral forums, which impacts Brazilian interests in this portion of its strategic environment. Through analysis of the geopolitical situation, based on the International Relations Theories; on the Brazilian Foreign Policy, applied to Angola, South Africa, and Namibia; and the geopolitical interests of China and the United States (USA) on the West African coast. It is concluded that the growing Chinese presence in Africa intensifies the dispute with the USA for the reordering of the World Order in transition, with potential for overflowing tensions from the Indo-Pacific to the South Atlantic, with repercussions in the South Atlantic Peace and Cooperation Zone, field for action of Oceanopolitic. The vector of the analysis was the Political Expression, including the Economic and Defense Diplomacies, as a component element of the National Power, acting on the trilateral Sino-Afro-Brazilian relationship, identifying areas of cooperation and conflict. The resulting analysis suggests political- strategic actions in the field of Oceanopolitic and IR, as a form of the National Power, through the adoption of a "Great Strategy", is able to guarantee the national interests, taking advantage of the opportunities - and neutralizing the threats - that arise from this rearrangement of the International System, accelerated by the coronavirus pandemic and the conflict in Ukraine, that have impacted global supply chains in an unprecedented way. It is expected that the conclusions of this work are relevant to expand information on southern Africa and for Brazil to maintain its status as a Middle Power and position itself pragmatically in the competition between China and USA, being able to increase its power and keep the Brazilian Strategic Environment safe and stable, through the adoption of oceanopolitic and geopolitical precepts. Collaterally, this study aims to assist the understanding of the Chinese strategy and initiatives to become a superpower in the next quarter of a century and how these impact the Brazilian Foreign Policy and its pursuit for national development.