Política Nacional de Proteção e Defesa Civil no Brasil: opções para a institucionalização com base em parâmetros internacionais

Abstract

The objective of this study was to identify subsidies in international models that collaborate with the formulation of public policies for the effective institutionalization of the National Policy of Protection and Civil Defense in Brazil, edited by Law 12,608, of 2012. For this, it was initially studied as a model of protection and Brazilian civil defense, contemplating its main conceptual and legal frameworks. Next, we studied the main governance models for disaster preparedness and response. The first was based on the UN Clusters, as well as the megatrends for disaster risk management, proposals at the global level in the Sendai Framework (2015 – 2030) and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). In sequence, we sought to know the US emergency management system, addressing the National Frameworks (Preparedness, Prevention, Protection, Mitigation, Response and Recovery), based on the guidelines of the National Preparedness Goal, official documents issued by the Department of Homeland Security, USA, which establishes national guidelines for dealing with disasters in the USA. To complete the comparison, the Chilean model of civil protection and defense was studied. It deals with exploratory research, being employed or comparative method and tending to bibliographic and documentary research instruments. In discussing two results, measures were identified that can serve as a guideline for the formulation of public policies that favor the institutionalization of the National Civil Protection and Defense Policy. As main points, we highlight the institution of a multilevel governance model to optimize the integration between agencies and bodies, at the municipal, district, state and federal levels, the development of the Brazilian framework for protection and civil defense to standardize language, concepts , best practices and define responsibilities, as well as an approach integrated by clusters and strengthen civil protection in the municipalities.