Ser da paz não é fácil: análise das atitudes dos militares brasileiros em relação às missões de paz a partir de uma perspectiva microdinâmica

Abstract

This work adopts a microdynamic level perspective to reflect on the attitudes of the military regarding peace operations under the aegis of the United Nations (UN). It is considered that atittudes are influenced by the peacekeeping mission’s experiences, whose effect is mediated by psychological labor variables. To achieve this goal, the analysis includes data collected with Brazilian military personnel that were deployed in a collective peacekeeping mission (FTM - UNIFIL; n = 80) and individual peacekeeping missions (MINURSO, MINUSCA, UNCYP, MONUSCO, UNMISS, UNIFIL, UNAMID.; n = 77) between 2016-2021. Psychometric instruments were used to evaluate three labor psychological variables: “psychological capital”, “role conflict” and “role ambiguity”; and a scale to evaluate the attitudes of the military toward the peacekeeping mission. A measuring instrument was developed to evaluate experiences experienced in the peacekeeping mission, based on evidence from the literature. These data were analyzed by a multivariate statistical technique, Partial Least Squares Structural Equations Modeling, using its usual parameters to verify the quality of the measurement model and structural. The theoretical model analyzed predicted that the experiences in the peacekeeping mission would have an indirect effect on attitudes towards peacekeeping missions, as it would be mediated by “psychological capital”, “role conflict” and “role ambiguity”. For military in individual peacekeeping missions the experiences in the mission have a predictive relationship with attitudes toward the peacekeeping mission, mediated only by role ambiguity, which leads to a more negative view of the mission. For the military in a collective peacekeeping mission, no significant prediction was found between the experiences in the peacekeeping mission and the attitudes related to it. In both models, role ambiguity proved to be a work stressor with important effect on attitudes in the peacekeeping mission and, only for the sample of individual peacekeeping missions, psychological capital has a prediction that leads to a more positive evaluation of the mission. The dissertation concludes with reflections on the selection, preparation, and support to the military in the field and indications of future research.