Missão de paz na África Subsaariana como possível alargamento do entorno estratégico do Brasil

Abstract

This monograph addresses the study of the Central African region as an area where a series of conflicts and instabilities occur and, through the missions of the United Nations (UN), seeks to resolve these conflicts. The Brazilian participation in a mission in the region will be analyzed as a possible facilitating element of the country's international relations with sub-Saharan countries, including the possibility of allowing an expansion of the concept of Strategic Environment provided for in the National Defense Policy (PND) and National Strategy of Defense - END/2020. In this window of opportunity scenario, there are influencing reasons, such as the Know How acquired in the 13 years of participation in Haiti and general officers of the Brazilian Army as Force Commanders of the United Nations Stabilization Mission in Congo (MONUSCO). The adopted methodology included a bibliographical and documentary research, aiming to seek theoretical references, in addition to the author's experience, who worked in the Integrated Multidimensional Mission for Stabilization of the Central African Republic (MINUSCA), from 2014 to 2015, as a member of the staff in Kaga Bandoro and Bangui, cities in the CAR. As a general objective, it will be analyzed whether the approximation of Brazil with the countries of Central Africa, in particular the Central African Republic, Central African Republic (RCA), and Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), through possible participation in a peace mission in these countries as a way to bring closer relationships in the economic and political fields with the countries of that region. It discusses historical and geopolitical aspects of Africa, considerations about this continent according to Theories of International Relations and International Security Studies, including Peace Missions, as elements of foreign policy and violations of Human Rights. Finally, the strategic environment of Brazil is analyzed looking for the points that would justify its increase in order to enable debates for the future PND and END. The main topics are: Peacekeeping Missions, History and Geopolitics of Africa, Human Rights and Conflict. The conclusion indicates how the development of Peace Missions and the country's expertise in Haiti can be contributing factors.