Operação de manutenção da paz de caráter naval: um instrumento integrador da segurança marítima no Golfo da Guiné

Abstract

Among the various characteristics of the globalization process, we highlight the economic-financial interdependence between States and the growth of international maritime trade, among which energy inputs, especially oil and gas, assume vital importance. In this context, the importance of maritime security is highlighted, in the South Atlantic. Especially, on the West African coast, emphasizes the Gulf of Guinea, where hydrocarbon reserves have been discovered along bordering countries’ coast. This African scenario contains a growing presence of international potentialities, such as the USA, France and China, which seek to protect their political, military and economic interests in the region. Aligned with the current orientation of Brazilian foreign policy towards West Africa, this monography approached, in the light of Geoffrey Till's theoretical constructor, Seapower A Guide for the 21st Century, a theme of strategic statistics for Brazil, considering the weaknesses of the Africans States in the effective implementation of a maritime security structure based on the Yaoundé Code of Conduct, to guarantee maritime security in the Gulf of Guinea. Despite region’s strategic importance, navies and coast guards of the countries involved are not yet adequately structured to face the growing threats to maritime security in the Gulf of Guinea. Consequently, threats registered by the International Maritime Bureau become more violent and diversified, affecting subjects related to the United Nations, such as: human rights, terrorism, drug and arms trafficking and regional development, and in addition negatively reflect in the international maritime trade. Based on the analysis of some international organizations, as to the ability to implement a Multidimensional Peacekeeping Operation of a Naval Purpose, the structuring axes of this opportunity that is unfolding for Brazil, protagonist in the South Atlantic and pretentious occupant of seats, were used international security forums, including the United Nations Security Council.